The Republic of Texas Marine Corps, though often overshadowed by its naval and land-based counterparts, played a pivotal role in the early military history of Texas during its brief period as an independent nation from 1836 to 1845. Born out of necessity during the Texas Revolution, the Marine Corps was formally proposed in late 1835 and began to take shape in early 1836, under the urging of Acting Governor James W. Robinson. Modeled after the United States Marine Corps, the Texas Marines were tasked with maintaining discipline aboard naval vessels, providing security at coastal installations, and engaging in combat operations both at sea and on land.

Despite its relatively small size—comprising over 350 enlisted men and at least eighteen officers throughout its existence—the Texas Marine Corps was instrumental in several key engagements. Marines served aboard the Republic’s warships, including the Invincible, Brutus, and Independence, where they acted as sharpshooters and boarding parties during naval battles. Their valor was notably demonstrated in the capture of the Mexican vessel Pelicano in March 1836.

The Corps experienced two distinct phases: the initial formation during the first Texas Navy, which dissolved due to ship losses and financial constraints, and a second, more structured iteration that emerged with the rebuilding of the Navy in 1839. However, even this renewed effort faced challenges, including limited resources and shifting political priorities, which ultimately led to the Corps’ decline.

This introduction examines the origins, structure, and legacy of the Republic of Texas Marine Corps, illuminating a lesser-known yet significant chapter in Texas military history. It underscores the Corps’ contributions to the Republic’s defense and its enduring place in the broader narrative of Texas independence.

Read the full history on the Texas State Historical Society website:

https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/republic-of-texas-marine-corps